Glossary: morphology and phonology
Technical terms
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Broca’s aphasiaAn aphasia characterized by deficits in language production. Also called expressive aphasia. | |
Broca’s areaA brain region in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere. Damage to this region leads to Broca’s aphasia. | |
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CandidateSee Optimality Theory. | |
CanonicalTypical, most representative, e.g. a canonical iamb. | |
Cardinal vowelsA set of agreed vowel qualities, first defined by Daniel Jones, that can be used as a language-independent reference for the purpose of describing vowels encountered in speech. | |
Carrier sentenceIn phonetic or psycholinguistic research, a short sentence in which the target word is embedded. Example: "I said X two times", where X is the target word. Among other things, the goal is to ensure consistent focus, and avoid assimilation across word boundaries as well as list intonation. | |
CaseA morphological category that encodes information about a word’s grammatical role, e.g., subject, direct object, indirect object, possessor. | |
Categorical perceptionA characteristic of the perception of speech sounds. Sounds are said to be perceived categorically if there is a sharp cross-over from one perceptual category (e.g. /t/) to another (e.g. /d/) and if, in addition, human listeners are unable to distinguish between acoustically different sounds that fall in the same category. | |
CausativeA morphological process which turns the meaning of a verb x into a verb 'make, cause x'. E.g. English 'to lay' is an old causative derived from 'to lie'. | |